ゲーム、ライター付き！？レア電卓勢ぞろい　カシオの記念館で特別展

Special Exhibit at the Casio Memorial Museum! Rare calculators with features like games and writing software!?

高橋豪

TAKAHASHI, Go

2025年3月20日 9時00分

　ゲームやライターなど、意外な機能を備えた珍しい電卓に出会える特別展をカシオ計算機が開く。発明家として知られる創業メンバー「樫尾四兄弟」の次男、故・樫尾俊雄氏の旧宅の樫尾俊雄発明記念館（東京・世田谷）で25日に始まる。

Casio Computer has opened a special exhibit where rare calculators that have special features such as games and writing software are available for viewing. Known to be an inventor, the late founding member Mr. KASHIO, Toshio is the second son of the four sons of the KASHIO family. Their old house has been turned into a Memorial Museum of Inventions in Setagaya, Tokyo and has been opened to the public for visiting beginning March 25.

　電卓は同社の主力商品の一つで、1965年に世界で初めて数字を一時的に記憶するメモリー機能付きの電卓を発売してから今年で60年。これまで世界で累計18億台を売り上げてきた。

The calculators are one of the said company's strong line of products, which in 1965, 60 years ago, were the world's first calculators to have had a memory feature in order to temporarily remember numbers. To date, the company has sold a total of 1.8 billion calculators worldwide.

　会場では約40モデルを展示する。激しい価格競争の中でヒットした個人向け電卓「カシオミニ」（72年）や、当時世界最薄だった0.8ミリのカード型電卓（83年）といった往年の名品が並ぶ。

About 40 models are being presented at the exhibit. These vintage products have been put on display, including the "Casio Mini ('72)," designed for personal use, it became a bestseller amidst fierce price competition. Another is, at the time, the world's thinnest calculator ('83) at 0.8mm with a card-type design.

　このほか、ライター（78年）、歴史事典（81年）、占い（同）や野球ゲーム（82年）が付いたユニークな品も見られる。ストップウォッチや時計などの機能が付いたモデルも多数生み出されたが、いずれも携帯電話の普及によって姿を消した。

Other than these, unique calculators with features such as a text editor ('78), encyclopedia ('81) and baseball fortuneteller ('82) are also available for viewing. While there were also several calculator models with features such as a stopwatch and a clock, they've since disappeared from store shelves due to the proliferation of mobile phones.

　5月9日まで。入場無料。説明員が案内するため、記念館のホームページ（http://kashiotoshio.org/別ウインドウで開きます）で事前に見学開始時間を指定して予約が必要となる。

The exhibit will be open until May 9. There's no entrance fee. A staff personnel will be available to provide explanations and serve as a guide to visitors. A reservation specifying the time when the visitors are to come will be required and must be submitted through the Memorial Museum's homepage.

## REFERENCE

ラジオのAMとFMって何？　電波に情報を乗せる仕組みに違い

What do "AM" and "FM" mean in the context of radio transmissions? The difference in the mechanism by which information travels the airwaves

2025年3月29日 9時00分

AM (Amplitude, or the width of the wave's oscillation) is where information, such as the news and music, is transmitted.

Its antenna is about 100m in height and requires a site with a wide area.

Its wavelength is long at 200m to 600m.

Its transmission goes around the contours of the mountain.

It's easy for noise to enter the transmission.

FM (Frequency, or the change in the number of wave cycles) is also used to send information.

Its antenna is about 2m high, and is placed on top of mountains or towers.

Its wavelength is short at 3m to 4m.

FM is easily audible even inside buildings.

Its sound has a high level of quality.

The number of wave cycles in a second, that is, the number of times the wave has highs and lows, is called the Hertz (Hz). In FM, voice is transmitted by adjusting the frequency. In Japan, broadcasting officially began in 1969. It was distinct for being comparatively audible even inside buildings. However, the range of its transmission from the antenna can only reach up to about 100km.

This document came from the Japanese government, among others.

## REFERENCE

再生医療の自由診療にも「検証」を　学会の新方針、利益追求と区別

"Certification" needed even for new medical treatments in regenerative medicine, a new policy from academics to differentiate those that are profit-seeking

野口憲太

NOGUCHI, Kenta

2025年3月28日 11時00分

　国内で年間約8万人の患者に行われている「再生医療」の自由診療をめぐり、日本再生医療学会が、科学的検証に乗り出す方針を明らかにした。有効性などの評価を目的とした自由診療を「検証型診療」と独自に認定し、推進するという。ただ、認定の手続きや検証の方法などは未定で、具体的な制度設計のゆくえが注目される。

Every year about 80,000 patients undergo "generative medicine" treatments in Japan. The Japanese Generative Medicine Society has brought to light the policy that puts forward the use of scientific certification. The goal of creating a stand-alone "Medical Treatment Certification" is to evaluate treatments in terms of efficacy, among others. However, since the details of the approval process and the method of certification are still unclear, the specifics of the regulation are now getting attention.

　十分なエビデンス（科学的根拠）もないまま、患者の期待を利用する診療は許すべきではない――。日本再生医療学会は3月19日、横浜市で会見を開き、学会の方針を発表した。自由診療のなかに学会として「検証型診療」という区分をつくり、診療を通じた知見から科学的根拠を得ることを目的にするという。

Without enough (scientifically based) evidence, treatments that take advantage of patients should not be allowed. On the 19th of March, the Japanese Society for Regenerative Medicine held a meeting in Yokohama City, and presented the policy. As an academic society, they've created a "Medical Treatment Certification" for classifying new medical treatments. Its goal is to obtain scientific basis from the findings accumulated through the treatments.

　一方で、根拠よりも利益追求を優先する自由診療を「無検証診療」と名付け、「検証型」と明確に区別する。将来的には、「検証型」を通じて適切だと評価された治療の費用を、民間保険でカバーしてもらうといった新しい仕組みについても議論していく考えだという。

They've added a "Certification Type" and labeled new medical treatments that prioritize profit-seeking over evidence-based as "Uncertified Medical Treatment" to clearly differentiate them from those that have already obtained certification. Through this policy, expenses to pay for medical treatment would later be covered by the public health insurance agency in a new scheme that is currently undergoing deliberation.

　日本では、患者のためになると医師が判断して、全額自費の自由診療でならば、国に承認されていない薬なども使うことができる。患者の選択肢を広げる側面がある一方、安全性や有効性が確認されていない医療が金銭的利益のために利用される場合もあるとの批判もある。

In Japan, physicians make decisions for the sake of the patients, and the entire treatment cost may include the use of medicines, among others, that are not approved by Japan. Other than the view that patients should have more available choices, there's also criticism in the use of medical treatment that hasn't yet been approved for their safety and efficacy, among others, for the sake of making a profit.

　厚生労働省によると、2023年度に計約8万人の患者が、再生医療の自由診療を受けている。

According to the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, in 2023 a total of about 80,000 patients have undergone new medical treatments in regenerative medicine.

　国際的には、未確立な医療の提供は「少数の患者に限られるべき」だとの考え方もあるため、こうした状況には、海外から厳しい目も向けられている。世界の研究者らでつくる国際幹細胞学会（ISSCR）は今年2月、厚労相宛ての要望書を提出し、再生医療に関する規制を強化するよう求めた。

Internationally, offering unestablished medical treatments is "limited to only a minority of patients." Even so, they would receive intense scrutiny overseas. The International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR), which is comprised of teams of researchers all over the world, has submitted a proposal to the Ministry of Labor in February of this year, seeking to enforce regulations concerning generative medicine.

　このままでは再生医療の業界全体の信頼性が損なわれかねず、日本再生医療学会は今回の方針を打ち出した。

The Japanese Society of Generative Medicine has submitted the policy so that people would not lose confidence in generative medicine.

課題は制度設計

Issues in the regulation

However, the details of the regulation have not yet been set.

With regard to how the "Certification Type" is to be added, Chairman OKANO, Hideyuki of the academic society has said, "Discussions are underway."

While he's seen that controlling the effects of the spread of "uncertified" new medical treatment is also limited, "I haven't yet considered the penalty to be imposed on those that are not certified. We need to create a scheme where the evaluation of clinics is improved upon receiving certification for good medical treatment practices."

To verify the safety and efficacy of the medicine, among others, there exists a correct way of using clinical trials to obtain national approval. While the process will take time and money, once approved, the basic rules will become relevant to the public health insurance agency, as evidence-based medical treatments spread and reach the patients.

In generative medicine where living cells are involved, it becomes difficult to produce outcomes that have the same quality in great numbers. This raises even further the level of difficulty required to develop new medical treatments. The society has explained "the need to examine" the use of new medical treatments as a way to make sure that those that are safe and efficacious do reach the patients.

According to the academic society, the purpose of the "Certification Type" is to not only gain national approval through the collection of usable private data, but also to find promising outcomes from the medical techniques. Hence, they've also been called in English, "explorative therapy."

Another issue is how to link together the process of gaining national approval and the medical treatment that has been evaluated to be promising based on its "Certification Type."

Knowledgeable on issues pertaining to generative medicine, Mr. IKKA, Tsunakuni (Director of Bioethics) says, "While we tip our hats to the thinking that somehow new medical treatments should be done even if there are issues, we don't yet know whether a "Medical Treatment Certification" is even a suitable method to solve the problem. While the specifics of the regulation remain unclear, what is most important is to note that generative medicine used in new medical treatments still do not have enough evidence that certifies them up to the necessary standard so that they could be called 'medical treatment.' This reiterates what the academic society has said."

## REFERENCE

生成AIで「模擬患者」、医学生がアバターで問診練習　長崎大が研究

Nagasaki University Research: Medical student practices diagnosis with generative AI-produced avatar of "Simulated Patient"

天野光一

AMANO, Koichi

2025年3月24日 14時00分

「模擬患者」役を生成AIで　医学生がアバターで問診を練習　長崎大が研究

Nagasaki University Research: Medical student practices diagnosis with generative AI-produced avatar of "Simulated Patient"

「模擬患者アバター」の開発を主導するのは、同大情報データ科学部の小林透教授の研究グループとIT企業システック井上（長崎市）。同大医学部の川尻真也准教授らが医学面で協力し、昨年3月から研究を進めてきた。

The development of the "Simulated Patient" is led by the research team of Prof. KOBAYASHI, Tooru from the Information and Data Science Department at Nagasaki University and Systec Inouse Corp., an IT business headquartered in Nagasaki City. Assoc. Prof. KAWAJIRI, Shinya, who is with the medical department of the said university, also collaborates to offer advice. The research has been ongoing since March of the previous year.

MORE ...

There aren't enough patients with whom medical students could simulate a consultation, so in the case of Nagasaki University, they've been recruiting volunteers, but only a handful of people have been able to go through the training. In the six years of studies that medical students take, there aren't a lot of opportunities for them to get in contact with simulated patients, so as a workaround, the faculty, the medical students, and other staff practice with each other, playing the role of the patients.

Assoc. Prof. KAWAJIRI says, "Consultation is the first step that a physician takes to build a trusting relationship with the patient. The avatar is an invaluable tool for medical students in their path to becoming physicians." Hence, they expect a lot from its development.

Physicians have checked the content of the avatar's conversation and the naturalness by which it's delivered, among others, and made improvements accordingly. The team aims to complete the project by the coming spring, improving it further so that medical students could eventually make use of it.

## REFERENCE

（天声人語）挑戦を続けたミロ

VOX POPULI: Milo, the man who continued to dare

2025年3月21日 5時00分

ジュアン・ミロ（１８９３～１９８３）は、２０世紀を代表するスペインの画家である。カタルーニャ州バルセロナ出身で、１９３０年代のスペイン内戦からフランコ独裁政権が終わるまで、反ファシズムの姿勢を貫いた。作品で頭に浮かぶのは、鮮やかな色彩と記号のようなモチーフだった▼

Juan Milo (1893-1983) was a 20th century Spanish painter. He was born in Barcelona, Catalonia, and since the Spanish Civil War of the 1930's up until the end of Franco's Dictatorship, he kept an anti-fascist stance. From his works, what came to mind was a vibrantly colorful and symbolic style of motif.

I used the past tense, "was," because I knew the path that Milo took. Looking at Milo's exhibit at the Tokyo City Art Museum, I was surprised by the great changes in the style of his paintings as he grew older. Even the visitors around would ask, "Is this also Milo's?"

The landscape paintings that he drew in his tens have been influenced by Impressionists. Since his twenties, he would draw meticulously even a small leaf of a plant. He further moved to Surrealism and established his own symbolic system of art. In his 50's, he was earnestly engaged in pottery and sculptures, and continued with this direction until just before he passed away.

While he was a product of things like daring and exploration, I was surprised that he persisted in spite of protests and adversity. In Spain, Franco's dictatorship continued until 1975, and Catalonia, which became the center point of protests, suffered severe repression from the government. Even Milo left his hometown, and produced pieces of works to be able to hide.

In an interview with him when he was 82, he said that conveying in his works "intensity and liberality" as protest against Franco's Dictatorship was most important. Such intensity was born because he had no "skill" like Picasso ("Interview with Milo").

In his 90's, Milo's many and various works became forward-looking, expressing the idea that people can always continue to progress, even if this entails people continuing to dare.

## REFERENCE